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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Hepatic Progenitor Specification from Pluripotent Stem Cells using a Defined Differentiation System
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Nuclear factor programming improves stem-cell-derived hepatocyte phenotype.

Hassan Rashidi1, David C Hay2

  • 1UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child, London, UK; UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.

Cell Stem Cell
|May 6, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Activating thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) enhances the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into liver cells. This finding offers a new strategy for stem cell-based liver therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold promise for regenerative medicine.
  • Generating functional hepatocyte-like cells from hPSCs remains a challenge.
  • Nuclear receptors play critical roles in cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) in hPSC differentiation.
  • To determine if NR1A2 activation can improve hepatocyte-like cell generation from hPSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Activation of thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) in human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Assessment of differentiation status towards hepatocyte-like cells.
  • Analysis of gene expression and cell morphology.

Main Results:

  • Activation of NR1A2 significantly improved the differentiation status of hepatocyte-like cells.
  • Enhanced expression of liver-specific genes was observed.
  • Morphological characteristics indicative of mature hepatocytes were noted.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone receptor beta (NR1A2) activation is a viable strategy to enhance hepatocyte differentiation from hPSCs.
  • This approach could advance the development of stem cell-based liver therapies.