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Increase of Diversity of Mumps Virus Genotype G SH Variants Circulating Among a Highly Immunized Population: Spain,

A M Gavilán1,2, F Díez-Fuertes1,3, J C Sanz2,4

  • 1Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|May 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Mumps virus (MuV) caused three epidemic waves in Spain. SH gene sequencing identified variants, but local evolution and new SH variants necessitate complementary surveillance markers.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mumps virus (MuV) has caused three epidemic waves in Spain since 2005, despite high vaccination rates.
  • Understanding MuV genetic diversity is crucial for effective public health surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genetic diversity and evolution of mumps virus in Spain.
  • To evaluate the utility of SH gene sequencing for mumps surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of the SH gene according to WHO protocols.
  • Phylogenetic analysis to identify variants and haplotypes.
  • Analysis of hypervariable NCRs and Shannon entropy.

Main Results:

  • Seven relevant SH gene variants and 88 haplotypes were identified.
  • An imported variant initially predominated but was later replaced by locally evolved or imported variants.
  • Accumulation of variability at six specific positions drove the increase in circulating SH variants.

Conclusions:

  • SH gene sequencing alone is insufficient for immediate post-genotype emergence surveillance.
  • Complementary, more variable genetic markers are needed initially, but become less critical as new SH variants emerge.
Keywords:
SH variantslaboratory surveillancemolecular epidemiologymumpsmumps virus

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