Goniometric and hemispherical reflectance and transmittance measurements of fused silica diffusers

Fused silica diffusers, made by forming scattering centers inside fused silica glass, can exhibit desirable optical properties, such as reflectance or transmittance independent of viewing angle, spectrally flat response into the ultraviolet wavelength range, and good spatial uniformity. The diffusers are of interest for terrestrial and space borne remote sensing instruments, which use light diffusers in reflective and transmissive applications. In this work, we report exploratory measurements of two samples of fused silica diffusers. We will present goniometric bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) measurements under normal illumination provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s Goniometric Optical Scatter Instrument (GOSI), by NIST's Infrared reference integrating sphere (IRIS) and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s Diffuser Calibration Laboratory. We also present hemispherical diffuse transmittance and reflectance measurements provided by NIST's Double integrating sphere Optical Scattering Instrument (DOSI). The data from the DOSI is analyzed by Prahl's inverse adding-doubling algorithm to obtain the absorption and reduced scattering coefficient of the samples. Implications of fused silica diffusers for remote sensing applications are discussed.