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Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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Measurement Uncertainty of Surface Temperature Distributions for Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processes.

David C Deisenroth1, Sergey Mekhontsev1, Brandon Lane1

  • 1National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

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This study advances surface temperature and emissivity measurements for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Accurately quantifying these parameters is crucial for optimizing the additive manufacturing process.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metrology
  • Additive Manufacturing

Background:

  • Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a key additive manufacturing technology.
  • Accurate measurement of surface temperature and emissivity during LPBF is critical for process control and quality assurance.
  • Existing measurement techniques may have limitations in characterizing the dynamic conditions of LPBF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate advanced methods for measuring surface temperature and emissivity distributions during laser-metal interactions in LPBF.
  • To quantify the uncertainties associated with these measurements.
  • To identify potential sources of error affecting measurement accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Detailed description of the measurement process for surface temperature and emissivity.
  • Methodology demonstrated on a specific set of process parameters and high-purity nickel.
  • Uncertainty analysis using established literature values for nickel solidification temperature and emissivity.

Main Results:

  • Standard temperature measurement uncertainty is approximately 0.9% of absolute temperature (16°C).
  • Standard relative emissivity measurement uncertainty is approximately 8% at the solidification point of high-purity nickel.
  • Both temperature and emissivity uncertainties are deemed satisfactory for the tested conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed measurement approach provides satisfactory accuracy for temperature and emissivity in LPBF relevant conditions.
  • Potential sources of uncertainty, such as metal vapor and ejecta, require further investigation.
  • Future work should address uncertainties related to experimental controls for comprehensive reference data generation.