d-Glucose sensor based on ZnO·V₂O₅ NRs by an enzyme-free electrochemical approach

A simple wet-chemical technique was used to prepare zinc oxide-doped vanadium pentaoxide nanorods (ZnO·V₂O₅ NRs) in an alkaline environment. The synthesized ZnO·V₂O₅ NRs were characterized using typical methods, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The d-glucose (d-GLC) sensor was fabricated with modification of a slight coating of nanorods (NRs) onto a flat glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The analytical performances, such as the sensitivity, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), linear dynamic range (LDR), and durability, of the proposed d-GLC sensor were acquired by a dependable current-voltage (I-V) process. A calibration curve of the GCE/ZnO·V₂O₅ NRs/Nf sensor was plotted at +1.0 V over a broad range of d-GLC concentrations (100.0 pM-100.0 mM) and found to be linear (R ² = 0.6974). The sensitivity (1.27 × 10^-3 μA μM^-1 cm^-2), LOQ (417.5 mM), and LOD (125 250 μM) were calculated from the calibration curve. The LDR (1.0 μM-1000 μM) was derived from the calibration plot and was also found to be linear (R ² = 0.9492). The preparation of ZnO·V₂O₅ NRs by a wet-chemical technique is a good advancement for the expansion of nanomaterial-based sensors to support enzyme-free sensing of biomolecules in healthcare fields. This fabricated GCE/ZnO·V₂O₅ NRs/Nf sensor was used for the recognition of d-glucose in real samples (apple juice, human serum, and urine) and returned satisfactory and rational outcomes.