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Lucija Virović Jukić1,2,3, Ivica Grgurević1,3,4,5, Ivana Mikolašević3,6,7

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Croatian guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) recommend screening for at-risk individuals. Early fibrosis stages are managed in primary care, while advanced cases require specialist referral for better outcomes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in liver cells.
  • NAFLD prevalence is rising globally, mirroring increases in metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.
  • Existing guidelines necessitate updated protocols for NAFLD management in Croatia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish comprehensive Croatian guidelines for NAFLD screening, diagnosis, and treatment.
  • To define risk factors and screening protocols for early NAFLD detection.
  • To outline patient management strategies based on fibrosis stage.

Main Methods:

  • Screening recommended for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or multiple metabolic risk factors.
  • Utilizes noninvasive laboratory and imaging techniques for fibrosis detection.
  • Diagnostic work-up aims to exclude other liver injuries and stage fibrosis.

Main Results:

  • Patients with early fibrosis stages should receive primary care management focusing on metabolic risk factors, diet, and exercise.
  • Patients with advanced fibrosis require referral to gastroenterologists/hepatologists.
  • Fibrosis staging is critical for determining prognosis and guiding treatment pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The guidelines provide a structured approach to NAFLD management, from screening to specialist care.
  • Early detection and risk factor management are key in primary care settings.
  • Timely referral for advanced fibrosis ensures appropriate specialist intervention and complication management.