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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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De novo myogenesis, or the formation of muscle fibers, begins during the early embryonic stages. The skeletal muscle is formed from somites– blocks of embryonic cell layers. The somites are further divided into dermatomes, myotomes, sclerotomes, and syndetomes. Among these, the myotomes give rise to muscle fibers.
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Long noncoding RNAs in cardiometabolic disorders.

Rio P Juni1,2, Kelly C 't Hart1,2,3,4,5, Riekelt H Houtkooper3,4,5

  • 1Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

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Aging increases metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease risk. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of metabolism and mitochondrial function, and their dysregulation contributes to these age-related conditions.

Keywords:
LncRNAagingcardiovascular systemglucose and lipid metabolismmitochondria

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Science

Background:

  • Increased life expectancy due to medical advancements is associated with a rise in age-related diseases.
  • Aging negatively impacts metabolic health, particularly glucose and lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial function in key organs like the pancreas, liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle.
  • Metabolic dysfunction contributes to the development of diabetes, lipid disorders, and subsequent cardiovascular and vascular tissue damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism.
  • To investigate the involvement of lncRNAs in maintaining mitochondrial function.
  • To elucidate how lncRNA dysregulation contributes to metabolic disorders and their cardiovascular complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on lncRNAs.
  • Analysis of lncRNA involvement in metabolic pathways.
  • Examination of the link between lncRNA dysregulation and cardiovascular consequences of metabolic disorders.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are crucial regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism.
  • lncRNAs play a significant role in controlling mitochondrial function.
  • Dysfunctional lncRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and associated cardiovascular issues.

Conclusions:

  • lncRNAs are key players in metabolic regulation and mitochondrial homeostasis.
  • Aberrant lncRNA expression is a contributing factor to metabolic disorders and their detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system.
  • Targeting lncRNAs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.