Quantitative analysis of the choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive axonal network in the cat primary visual cortex: II. Pre- and postnatal development

The pre- and postnatal development of cholinergic projections was investigated in the cat striate cortex by applying immunohistochemical methods based on a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The earliest age investigated was gestational day 54. At this stage a sparse network of ChAT(+) fibers was distributed throughout the striate cortex. Subsequent postnatal maturation of ChAT(+) fibers was characterized by an increase in fiber density that started in layer VI and gradually progressed toward more superficial layers. By 4 weeks of age the density of ChAT(+) fibers and varicosities had reached adult levels in layers V and VI but was still subnormal in layers I-IV. The mature pattern of cholinergic innervation was established by 13 weeks of age. There was no evidence for developmental gradients in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions within area 17. These results indicate that the cholinergic projection to striate cortex develops continuously in an inside-out sequence as is characteristic for most cortical maturation processes. There was no indication that striate cortex receives an especially dense cholinergic input during the critical period.