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Horizontal augmentation techniques in the mandible: a systematic review.

Ralf Smeets1,2, Levi Matthies1,3, Peter Windisch4

  • 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

International Journal of Implant Dentistry
|May 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Horizontal bone augmentation in the mandible, using various bone graft materials, successfully increased bone width by an average of 4.8 mm. Graft failure rates were low, averaging 4.4%, but more randomized trials are needed.

Keywords:
AugmentationHorizontalLateralLower jawMandible

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Area of Science:

  • Dental implantology
  • Oral and maxillofacial surgery
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Dental implants are a successful option for edentulous patients.
  • Significant horizontal bone resorption in the mandible requires bone augmentation for successful implant placement and long-term survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review lateral augmentation techniques for horizontally compromised mandibles.
  • To evaluate grafting protocols using xenogeneic, synthetic, or allogeneic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical studies published between January 1995 and March 2021.
  • Inclusion of studies on lateral augmentation in the mandible using various bone graft materials.
  • Computerized and manual literature search.

Main Results:

  • Eight studies with 276 procedures were included, utilizing xenogeneic, allogeneic, or autogenous bone grafts.
  • Mean horizontal bone width gain of 4.8 mm was observed in seven studies.
  • Average bone graft failure rate was 4.4% across studies.

Conclusions:

  • Limited data exist on horizontal augmentation strategies in the mandible.
  • Xenogeneic and autologous bone materials show positive outcomes for horizontal ridge augmentation.
  • Further research, including randomized controlled trials, is needed, particularly regarding allogeneic bone blocks with barrier membranes.