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Cow's milk protein allergy; new knowledge from a multidisciplinary perspective.

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Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is increasing, with early microbiota development crucial for immune tolerance. Probiotics and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) show promise for managing CMPA.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Pediatric Allergy

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence, persistence, and severity of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) observed.
  • Hypotheses suggest microbiota's role in immune tolerance induction and maintenance.
  • Early life factors like breastfeeding and diet influence gut microbiota health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review immune mechanisms in CMPA.
  • Elucidate the role of the gut microbiota in CMPA.
  • Explore future treatment strategies for CMPA.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on CMPA.
  • Analysis of studies on microbiota and immune tolerance.
  • Evaluation of evidence for probiotics and allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT).

Main Results:

  • Microbiota plays a key role in developing immune tolerance.
  • Breastfeeding, vaginal delivery, and early food introduction support healthy microbiota.
  • Probiotics and AIT demonstrate potential for inducing tolerance in CMPA.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating the early-life microbiota is critical for preventing and managing CMPA.
  • Further research into microbiota-targeted therapies is warranted.
  • Probiotics and AIT represent promising avenues for CMPA treatment.