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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Micro-dissection of Enamel Organ from Mandibular Incisor of Rats Exposed to Environmental Toxicants
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COVID-19 Effects on Income and Dental Visits: A Cross-sectional Study.

S Koyama1, J Aida2, Y Mori3

  • 1Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.

JDR Clinical and Translational Research
|May 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Reduced income during Japan's COVID-19 state of emergency was linked to delayed dental visits for toothaches. This highlights how economic impacts can worsen oral health disparities.

Keywords:
Health care inequalitiesJapanaccess to health carehealth services researchoral healthstate of emergency

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Economics
  • Dental Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic and associated state of emergency in Japan led to economic hardship, including job losses and reduced income.
  • Income is a well-established predictor of healthcare utilization, including dental visits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between changes in income and dental clinic visits during the COVID-19 state of emergency in Japan.
  • To determine if decreased income influenced decisions to forgo dental treatment for toothaches.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in Osaka, Japan, from June 23 to July 12, 2020.
  • Multivariate Poisson regression analyzed the relationship between income changes and "refrained treatment" for toothaches, adjusting for demographic and health factors.

Main Results:

  • Among 27,575 participants, 14.1% experienced toothaches, and 6.9% reported refraining from treatment.
  • Participants with decreased income showed significantly higher odds of refraining from dental treatment for toothaches compared to those with no income change.
  • The prevalence ratios for refraining treatment increased with the extent of income decrease (1%-49%, 50%-99%, and 100% decrease).

Conclusions:

  • Decreased income during the COVID-19 state of emergency was significantly associated with refraining from necessary dental treatment in Osaka, Japan.
  • The economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic may exacerbate existing oral health inequalities.