Direct Z-scheme MoSe₂/TiO₂ heterostructure with improved piezoelectric and piezo-photocatalytic performance

Nano-semiconductor materials coupled with piezoelectric effect have received extensive attention due to their wide application in catalysis. In this work, few-layered MoSe₂ nanosheets were grown vertically on TiO₂ nanorods (TNr) to synthesize a direct Z-scheme heterojunction, exhibiting efficient piezocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic performance. The MoSe₂/TNr heterostructure exhibited superior piezoelectric degradation efficiency, successfully removing over 98% of RhB within 360 s under continuous magnetic stirring in dark. Compared with piezocatalysis, the piezo-photocatalytic system possessed higher degradation efficiency and cycle stability. Furthermore, a piezo-photoelectric synergistic effect of nanocomposites was observed by current outputs. Under stirring conditions, the current density of depleted MoSe₂/TNr and MoSe₂ nanosheets were respectively 6.3 μA/cm² and 5.5 μA/cm². When light and stirring were applied, the MoSe₂/TNr current density increased twice to 13.2 μA/cm², while the MoSe₂ nanosheets didn't exhibit improvement. Through the direct Z-scheme heterojunction of MoSe₂/TNr, photoexcitation and piezoelectric polarization work together to effectively replenish carriers under light irradiation, and then rapidly separate free charges through piezopotential. This work broadens the application prospects of piezocatalysis and piezo-photocatalysis in renewable energy harvesting and water purification.