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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Measuring Active and Passive Tameness Separately in Mice
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What is domestication?

Michael D Purugganan1

  • 1Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10011, USA; Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York University, New York, NY 10028, USA.

Trends in Ecology & Evolution
|May 9, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Domestication is redefined as a coevolutionary process where one species controls another's fitness for resources. This inclusive definition covers human and non-human domesticators, challenging the idea of human domestication.

Keywords:
agricultural originscoevolutioncommensalshuman domesticationinsect farmingmutualismornamental speciesperi-domesticatesweeds

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Current definitions of domestication are anthropocentric, focusing on human intentionality.
  • Existing definitions overlook unconscious selection and non-human domesticators.
  • This leads to a limited understanding of the domestication process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an overarching, biologically grounded definition of domestication.
  • To emphasize domestication as a coevolutionary process rooted in specialized mutualism.
  • To broaden the scope of domestication to include non-human agents and diverse examples.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of existing definitions of domestication.
  • Development of a new definition based on coevolution and fitness control within mutualistic relationships.
  • Application of the proposed definition to various examples, including crop plants, livestock, and insects.

Main Results:

  • Domestication is fundamentally a coevolutionary process driven by specialized mutualism.
  • One species exerts control over the fitness of another to acquire resources or services.
  • This framework includes human-led domestication and non-human domesticators like insects.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed definition offers a more inclusive and biologically accurate understanding of domestication.
  • It challenges anthropocentric views and highlights the role of reciprocal evolutionary pressures.
  • The definition questions whether humans can be considered domesticated, as their evolution wasn't driven by another species' fitness control.