Effects of a Fruit and Vegetable Prescription Program With Expanded Education for Low-Income Adults

Fruit and Vegetable Prescription (FVRx) Programs combine produce prescriptions and nutrition education to reduce fruit and vegetable consumption barriers and promote health among low-income patient populations. This study examined whether a multi-level FVRx intervention model with intensive education improves dietary behaviors, food security, and health outcomes over single-level interventions alone. A 6-month nonrandomized, parallel, controlled trial was conducted with one intervention, FVRx (n = 31) and two comparison groups, Ad hoc Nutrition Education (n = 13) and Control (n = 16). The FVRx group received produce prescriptions (US$1/day/household member) redeemable at a farmer's market, two SNAP-Ed programs, one financial literacy program, and monthly health screenings. The Nutrition Education (NE) group participated in one SNAP-Ed program, and the Control group received safety-net clinic care only. Surveys assessed dietary intake, food security, food purchasing practices, and financial and food resource management. Pre-post clinical biomarkers (blood lipid and hemoglobin A1c) and monthly biometrics (anthropometrics and blood pressure) were measured. Descriptive analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted. Compared with comparison groups, FVRx participants significantly increased the frequency of consuming dark green vegetables, FVRx (0.36 ± 0.72); NE (0.14 ± 0.33); Control (-0.09 ± 0.19) cups/day (p < .05). FVRx participants significantly improved multiple healthful food purchasing practices, and the ability to afford more utilities (FVRx (33%); NE (0%); Control (10%); p < .05). Limited changes were observed in food security and clinical biomarker outcomes between groups. Combining expanded nutrition and financial literacy education with produce prescriptions improves low-income adults' financial and food resources, preference, knowledge, purchase, and consumption of locally grown vegetables over single-level interventions.