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Human bone probed by neutron diffraction: the burning process.

A P Mamede1, M P M Marques1,2, A R Vassalo1,3

  • 1Molecular Physical Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal apm@uc.pt.

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|May 11, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used neutron diffraction to analyze heat-induced changes in human bone, revealing distinct structural transformations between 700-900°C. Findings enhance understanding of burned bone diagenesis for forensic and archaeological applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Diagenesis
  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Understanding heat-induced changes in bone is crucial for forensic and archaeological investigations.
  • Previous studies have not comprehensively analyzed burned human bone using neutron diffraction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the heat-induced diagenesis process in human bone.
  • To investigate chemical and crystallographic changes in bone upon heating.
  • To establish the relationship between temperature and bone matrix transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Neutron diffraction analysis of human bone samples (femur, humerus, tibia).
  • Heating samples to maximum temperatures ranging from 400°C to 1000°C under aerobic conditions.
  • Complementary analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Significant crystallographic and domain size variations were observed, primarily between 700°C and 900°C.
  • Bone heated above 700°C showed an organized, highly symmetric inorganic matrix, lacking carbonates and organic matter.
  • Bone heated below 700°C exhibited lower crystallinity with residual carbonates, lipids, and collagen.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides the first neutron diffraction data on burned human bone.
  • Distinct thermal thresholds (700°C) dictate significant changes in bone's inorganic and organic composition.
  • Findings are relevant for archaeology, biomaterials science, and forensic science applications.