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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Abnormal Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Xipeng Yue1,2, Ge Zhang1, Xiaochen Li1

  • 1Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 7 Weiwu Road, 450000, Zhengzhou, China.

Clinical Neuroradiology
|May 11, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show altered dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC), particularly in specific brain states. These changes in brain network dynamics correlate with autism symptoms like stereotyped behavior.

Keywords:
Adult Autism Spectrum DisorderDynamicf unctional network connectivityIndependent component analysisResting-state networksStereotyped behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition.
  • Understanding the neural underpinnings of ASD is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
  • Dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) offers insights into brain function over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in brain dFNC in adults with ASD.
  • To explore the relationship between dFNC abnormalities and clinical manifestations in ASD.

Main Methods:

  • Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 78 adults with ASD and 65 healthy controls.
  • Independent component analysis (ICA) to assess dFNC across 11 resting-state networks (RSNs).
  • Calculation of metrics like fraction time, mean dwell time, and connectivity, with correlation analysis against Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) scores.

Main Results:

  • Adults with ASD exhibited altered dFNC, including increased fraction time and mean dwell time in a specific brain state (state 2).
  • Reduced dFNC was observed between the sensorimotor network (SMN) and precuneus/high visual networks, while increased dFNC was noted between the dorsal default mode network (dDMN) and salience network (SN) in state 2.
  • Fraction time and mean dwell time positively correlated with stereotyped behavior scores on the ADOS.

Conclusions:

  • Transient alterations in specific neural networks are significant in adult ASD.
  • Abnormal dFNC metrics and connectivity patterns may be associated with core ASD symptoms, such as stereotyped behaviors.
  • These findings highlight the importance of dynamic connectivity analysis for understanding ASD pathophysiology.