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Pre-operative Hemostatic Status in Dogs Undergoing Splenectomy for Splenic Masses.

Jourdan B McPhetridge1, Alex M Lynch1, Cynthia R L Webster2

  • 1Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Pre-operative hypercoagulability is common in dogs undergoing splenectomy, with most showing clotting factor abnormalities. However, the direct link between these pre-existing conditions and post-operative portal system thrombosis remains unclear.

Keywords:
TEGdoghypercoagulabilitysplenectomysplenic mass

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Surgical Complications

Background:

  • Portal system thrombosis is a rare but serious complication following splenectomy in dogs.
  • The exact mechanisms leading to post-operative portal system thrombosis are not fully understood.
  • Potential factors include altered blood flow, acquired hypercoagulability, and endothelial dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pre-operative hemostatic biomarkers in hemodynamically stable, non-anemic dogs scheduled for splenectomy.
  • To test the hypothesis that these dogs exhibit pre-existing hypercoagulability unrelated to shock or other comorbidities.

Main Methods:

  • Abdominal ultrasonography was performed pre-operatively.
  • Blood samples were analyzed for platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), kaolin-activated thromboelastography (TEG), fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), antithrombin, and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT).

Main Results:

  • None of the 15 dogs showed pre-operative portal system thrombosis.
  • 13 out of 15 dogs exhibited hypercoagulability based on TEG G values.
  • 9 dogs had antithrombin deficiency, with 5 showing concurrent elevated TAT, indicating active thrombin generation.

Conclusions:

  • Pre-operative hypercoagulability is frequently observed in dogs undergoing splenectomy for splenic masses.
  • Despite pre-existing hypercoagulability, no dogs developed portal system thrombosis or experienced mortality within 30 days.
  • The association between pre-operative hypercoagulability and the development of post-operative portal system thrombosis requires further investigation.