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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs as T Lymphocyte Regulators in Multiple Sclerosis.

Lin Wang1, Yuanyuan Liang1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
|May 13, 2022
PubMed
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate T lymphocytes, impacting Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Specific miRNAs show potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MS.

Keywords:
MicroRNAsT lymphocytesbiomarkersmultiple sclerosispathogenesistherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a CNS autoimmune disease involving T lymphocytes.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • miRNAs influence T lymphocyte function, crucial in MS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review the role of T lymphocytes in MS.
  • Examine miRNA involvement in MS pathogenesis and progression via T lymphocytes.
  • Assess miRNA diagnostic potential and therapeutic applications in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies.
  • Analysis of miRNA regulation of T lymphocyte subsets.
  • Evaluation of specific miRNA biomarkers (e.g., miR-155, miR-326).

Main Results:

  • Dysregulated miRNAs disrupt T lymphocyte balance, contributing to MS.
  • Specific miRNAs like miR-155 and miR-326 may serve as MS biomarkers.
  • miRNAs offer potential therapeutic strategies by modulating T lymphocyte function.

Conclusions:

  • T lymphocytes are central to MS pathogenesis, with miRNAs playing a key regulatory role.
  • miRNAs hold promise as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MS.
  • Targeting miRNAs could offer novel treatment avenues for MS by controlling T lymphocyte activity.