A systems thinking approach to understanding youth active recreation

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Systems Science
• Child and Adolescent Health

Background:

• Active recreation is crucial for child and adolescent physical activity.
• Factors influencing active recreation uptake are not well understood at a systems level.
• This study addresses the need for a systems-level understanding of youth active recreation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To apply systems analysis methods to understand youth active recreation in Victoria, Australia.
• To identify potential system leverage points for enhancing active recreation.
• To explore stakeholder perspectives on using systems analysis for policy and practice.

Main Methods:

• Conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews (2013-2018) on active recreation correlates and interventions.
• Developed systems models (ActorMap, ActivMaps) and causal loop diagrams (CLDs) to map the active recreation system.
• Identified leverage points using the Action Scales Model and gathered stakeholder feedback through interviews (n=23).

Main Results:

• Identified 93 correlates, 49 intervention strategies, and 10 potential system leverage points for active recreation.
• Changes to the built and natural environment (e.g., land use, urban design) represent a key structural leverage point.
• 125 actors across seven system levels were identified, with stakeholders highlighting 12 areas for future consideration.

Conclusions:

• Dynamic systems models are essential for understanding active recreation behavior and stakeholder influence.
• Targeting specific system leverage points, particularly environmental changes, is crucial for effective interventions.
• The developed models serve as tools for policy, appraisal, advocacy, and decision-making to combat youth inactivity.