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Related Experiment Videos

Anorectal physiology and pathophysiology.

W E Whitehead, M M Schuster

    The American Journal of Gastroenterology
    |June 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study outlines diagnostic tests for anorectal disorders, including EMG, pressure measurements, and proctograms. These methods help evaluate sphincter function and rectal anatomy for accurate diagnosis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Anorectal Physiology

    Background:

    • Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the external anal sphincter, puborectalis muscle, internal anal sphincter, and rectum is crucial for diagnosing anorectal disorders.
    • Existing measurement techniques require review to identify those suitable for independent gastroenterology practice.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe the anatomy and physiology of key anorectal structures.
    • To review practical measurement techniques for gastroenterologists.
    • To recommend a protocol for the diagnostic evaluation of anorectal disorders.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of measurement techniques applicable to office practice.
    • Protocol includes: straining tests for rectal prolapse/perineal descent, EMG or pressure recordings for anal sphincters, rectal balloon for distension/perception thresholds, and proctography for anorectal angle and pelvic floor abnormalities.

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  • Emphasis on objective tests supplemented by clinical history and physical examination.

    • Main Results:

    • Normal values for each diagnostic test are provided.
    • A comprehensive protocol integrating various objective tests is recommended.
    • The protocol facilitates evaluation of rectal prolapse, perineal descent, sphincter function, rectal sensitivity, and anorectal morphology.

    Conclusions:

    • Objective diagnostic tests are essential for evaluating anorectal disorders.
    • The recommended protocol provides a structured approach for gastroenterologists.
    • Integration of objective tests with clinical assessment ensures thorough patient evaluation.