Functional Dyspepsia and Its Subgroups: Prevalence and Impact in the Rome IV Global Epidemiology Study

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Psychology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent disorder of gut-brain interaction (DGBI).
• Previous prevalence estimates for FD vary due to differing definitions and methodologies.
• Understanding FD's global prevalence and impact is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the global prevalence and impact of Functional Dyspepsia (FD) using the Rome IV criteria.
• To identify the most common FD subgroup.
• To assess the association of FD with psychological distress and quality of life.

Main Methods:

• An internet-based survey was administered to 54,127 participants across 26 countries.
• The survey included the Rome IV diagnostic questionnaire, PHQ-4, PHQ-12, PROMIS Global-10, and demographic/medical history.
• Exclusion criteria included organic disease, self-induced vomiting, cyclic vomiting, or cannabinoid hyperemesis.

Main Results:

• The global prevalence of Rome IV FD was 7.2%, with significant variation (2.2%-12.3%) across countries.
• Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) was the most frequent subtype, accounting for 66.6% of FD cases.
• FD symptom criteria were associated with higher rates of anxiety, depression, reduced quality of life, and increased healthcare utilization.

Conclusions:

• Rome IV FD is a globally prevalent DGBI, disproportionately affecting women and younger individuals.
• FD is linked to psychological distress, diminished quality of life, and increased healthcare seeking.
• Postprandial distress syndrome is the predominant FD subtype, with a minority experiencing overlapping DGBI.