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Rule Changes to Increase Shared Medal Winning at the Olympics.

Feifei Li1, Will G Hopkins2

  • 1Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.

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|May 13, 2022
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Rule changes allowing medal sharing for closely matched Olympic athletes could enhance fairness and entertainment. Analysis of Tokyo Olympics data suggests significant medal sharing would occur in events with small score differences.

Keywords:
Olympicsathletic performancefair playmedal sharingtie

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Olympic Studies
  • Performance Analysis

Background:

  • The Tokyo Olympics highlighted inspirational moments of shared medals.
  • Current Olympic rules often necessitate tie-breaking methods, potentially overlooking athletes with near-equal performance.
  • Small score differences in competitions can be statistically insignificant, akin to a coin toss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of rule changes allowing medal sharing for closely matched competitors in the Olympics.
  • To quantify the potential increase in shared medals at the Tokyo Olympics under revised sharing criteria.
  • To assess the implications of such rule changes for athletic recognition and the Olympic ideal.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of score variability in Olympic events (canoeing, kayaking, rowing, swimming, track and field).
  • Simulation of medal outcomes based on a threshold of score difference (~0.1 variability) for medal sharing.
  • Examination of gender-based differences in potential medal sharing.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 10% of gold, 14% of silver, and 14% of bronze medals would have been shared across analyzed events.
  • The men's high jump event would have resulted in three gold medals.
  • A majority of potential shared medals (68%) involved male athletes, possibly due to greater competitive depth.

Conclusions:

  • Implementing medal sharing rules for near-equal performances could align better with the Olympic ideal of fair play.
  • Further research is needed to determine appropriate score difference thresholds for other Olympic events.
  • Acceptability of rule changes among athletes, coaches, and spectators requires investigation.