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Acanthamoeba keratitis. A review of the literature

J D Auran, M B Starr, F A Jakobiec

    Cornea
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed

    Insights

    Acanthamoeba keratitis, an infection from ubiquitous amebas, is increasing and linked to contact lens wear. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing this sight-threatening corneal disease.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Acanthamoeba are ubiquitous, free-living amebas.
    • Acanthamoeba keratitis is an emerging cause of infectious keratitis.
    • Risk factors include contact lens wear and minor corneal trauma.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
    • To highlight the importance of early recognition and treatment.
    • To analyze cases from the world literature.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of 35 cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis.
    • Analysis of clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic outcomes.

    Main Results:

    • Acanthamoeba keratitis often presents as a unilateral corneal infiltrate, mimicking other infectious etiologies.
    • Differential diagnosis can be challenging, leading to delayed treatment.
    • Successful outcomes depend on prompt diagnosis and aggressive antiamebic therapy, potentially including penetrating keratoplasty.

    Conclusions:

    • Acanthamoeba keratitis requires high clinical suspicion, especially in contact lens wearers.
    • Early and appropriate antiamebic treatment is essential to preserve vision.
    • Aggressive management, including surgical intervention, may be necessary for severe cases.

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