Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus enteritis: A literature review

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Virology
• Pathology

Background:

• Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (CAEBV) enteritis is a rare gastrointestinal disorder.
• It shares clinical and pathological similarities with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), leading to potential misdiagnosis.
• Misdiagnosis and mistreatment can result in severe complications and increased mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize the clinical characteristics, pathological features, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for CAEBV enteritis.
• To differentiate CAEBV enteritis from IBD (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease).
• To enhance clinical recognition and management of this rare condition.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
• Searched databases for studies on CAEBV enteritis and IBD.
• Synthesized findings on clinical presentation, histology, diagnostics, and therapeutics.

Main Results:

• CAEBV enteritis presents with diverse gastrointestinal symptoms.
• Pathological findings can mimic IBD, necessitating specific diagnostic approaches.
• Treatment strategies involve antiviral therapies and immunosuppression, differing from standard IBD management.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of CAEBV enteritis is crucial to avoid IBD-associated treatment and its consequences.
• Understanding the distinct features of CAEBV enteritis is key for effective management.
• Further research is needed to establish standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols.