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Capsule-Targeting Depolymerases Derived from Acinetobacter baumannii Prophage Regions.

Alena Y Drobiazko1,2, Anastasia A Kasimova3, Peter V Evseev4

  • 1Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Prophage-derived depolymerases from Acinetobacter baumannii are widespread and degrade bacterial capsular polysaccharides. These enzymes show potential as novel antibacterials against specific Acinetobacter baumannii types.

Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumanniicapsular polysaccharidecapsular typeglycosidasephage receptor-binding proteinsprophagesstructural depolymerase

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant opportunistic pathogen.
  • Bacterial capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are key virulence factors.
  • Prophages are integrated viral elements within bacterial genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize prophage-encoded depolymerases from Acinetobacter baumannii.
  • To assess the enzymatic activity and specificity of these depolymerases.
  • To evaluate their therapeutic potential against Acinetobacter baumannii infections.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic prediction of depolymerases from Acinetobacter baumannii prophage regions.
  • Recombinant production and purification of identified depolymerases.
  • Enzymatic assays to determine specificity for Acinetobacter baumannii capsular polysaccharides (K1 and K92 types).
  • In vivo efficacy testing using Galleria mellonella infection models.

Main Results:

  • Several prophage-derived depolymerases were identified, exhibiting multi-domain structures.
  • These enzymes demonstrated specificity for Acinetobacter baumannii K1 and K92 capsular polysaccharides.
  • The depolymerases function as glycosidases, hydrolyzing CPS into monomers and oligomers.
  • Recombinant depolymerases significantly reduced larval mortality in Galleria mellonella models.

Conclusions:

  • Prophage-derived depolymerases are prevalent in Acinetobacter baumannii genomes.
  • These enzymes possess polysaccharide-degrading activity and are effective against specific capsular types.
  • The characterized depolymerases represent promising candidates for developing novel antibacterials against Acinetobacter baumannii.