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Related Concept Videos

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

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Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
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Chemical Signaling in the Endocrine System01:08

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A signaling cascade is a series of events that facilitates the transmission of information within or between cells, culminating in a targeted response in the recipient cell. As chemical messengers, hormones are pivotal in initiating and modulating these intricate signaling cascades based on their solubility.
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Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Author Spotlight: Manipulating Signaling in Zebrafish Embryos to Decode Cell Fate Decisions
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Signaling Pathways in Pregnancy.

Giovanni Tossetta1,2, Daniela Marzioni1

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.

Cells
|May 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This special issue explores signaling pathways in pregnancy. Understanding these molecular signals is crucial for healthy maternal and fetal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and developmental science.
  • Cellular and molecular signaling.
  • Obstetrics and gynecology.

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves complex physiological adaptations regulated by intricate signaling networks.
  • Disruptions in maternal-fetal communication can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • This special issue compiles research on key signaling pathways governing placental development and function.

Discussion:

  • Investigates the role of growth factors, hormones, and cytokines in pregnancy.
  • Examines the impact of signaling pathway dysregulation on conditions like preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.
  • Highlights novel therapeutic targets for managing pregnancy complications.

Key Insights:

  • Specific signaling cascades are critical for successful implantation and placentation.
  • Maternal immune tolerance during pregnancy is actively mediated by defined signaling pathways.
  • Fetal development is precisely controlled by cell-to-cell communication networks.

Outlook:

  • Future research directions include personalized medicine approaches based on signaling profiles.
  • Potential for developing targeted interventions to improve pregnancy health.
  • Advancing our understanding of signaling pathways will enhance reproductive health outcomes.