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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

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Cell Aggregate Assembly through Microengineering for Functional Tissue Emergence.

Gozde Eke1, Laurence Vaysse2, Xi Yao3

  • 1Laboratoire d'Analyse et d'Architecture des Systèmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (LAAS-CNRS), Université de Toulouse, INSA, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional (3D) cell aggregates better mimic native tissues than 2D models. This review explores microfabrication and assembly technologies for engineering functional 3D microtissues for regenerative medicine and drug screening.

Keywords:
assembly technologiescell aggregatescell spheroidsfunctional microtissuesmicroengineering technologymicrofabricationmicropatterningorganoids

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • 3D cell aggregates offer superior spatial organization and heterogeneity compared to cell suspensions or monolayers, closely resembling native tissue architecture.
  • These aggregates serve as advanced in vitro models, bridging the gap between laboratory experiments and in vivo conditions due to their self-evolving nature.
  • Microtissues generated from 3D cell aggregates show significant potential for applications in regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging microfabrication and assembly technologies for 3D cell aggregates.
  • To discuss the development of methodologies for organizing cell aggregates into functional 3D microtissues.
  • To explore the potential of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical screening.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cell aggregate microfabrication and assembly.
  • Analysis of techniques for organizing cell aggregates into controlled 3D architectures.
  • Discussion of strategies to enhance cell differentiation and proliferation within engineered tissues.

Main Results:

  • Identification of various emerging technologies for microfabricating and assembling 3D cell aggregates.
  • Highlighting the critical need for specific methodologies to engineer functional microtissues from cell aggregates.
  • Demonstration of the potential for controlled architecture and heterogeneity in promoting cellular functions.

Conclusions:

  • Engineering functional microtissues from 3D cell aggregates is a rapidly advancing field.
  • Advanced microfabrication and assembly techniques are essential for creating sophisticated 3D tissue models.
  • Optimizing tissue architecture and heterogeneity is key to successful applications in regenerative medicine and drug discovery.