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Related Concept Videos

Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

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Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
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Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

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Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Carbohydrate Absorption01:25

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Carbohydrates are essential macronutrients that serve as the body's primary energy source. Their digestion begins in the mouth, where salivary amylase partially breaks down complex carbohydrates such as starch into smaller oligosaccharides. This mechanical and enzymatic activity prepares carbohydrates for further processing in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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An Efficient Sample Preparation Method to Enhance Carbohydrate Ion Signals in Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry
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Carbohydrate Maldigestion and Intolerance.

Fernando Fernández-Bañares1,2

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitary MútuaTerrassa, 08221 Terrassa, Spain.

Nutrients
|May 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Dietary carbohydrate intolerance, particularly maldigestion, significantly impacts functional bowel disease symptoms. A low-FODMAP diet (Fermentable, Oligo-Di- and Monosaccharides and Polyols) effectively manages irritable bowel disease symptoms but requires dietitian supervision.

Keywords:
FODMAPfructosehydrogen breath testirritable bowel syndromelactosesorbitolsucrosesugar malabsorption

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Dietary carbohydrate intolerance is a key factor in functional bowel diseases.
  • Malabsorbed carbohydrates ferment in the colon, producing gas and altering pH, leading to symptoms like diarrhea and flatulence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review carbohydrate intolerance, maldigestion, and dietary outcomes in functional bowel disease.
  • To explore the efficacy and implementation of low-Fermentable, Oligo-Di- and Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAPs) diets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing studies on carbohydrate maldigestion and functional bowel diseases.
  • Analysis of the impact of low-FODMAP diets on irritable bowel disease (IBS) symptoms.

Main Results:

  • While sugar malabsorption frequency doesn't differ between IBS patients and controls, symptom severity is higher in patients.
  • A low-FODMAP diet is effective for global IBS symptoms and abdominal pain.
  • Supervision by a dietitian is crucial for low-FODMAP diet implementation.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary management, particularly low-FODMAP diets, plays a vital role in managing functional bowel diseases.
  • A 'bottom-up' approach to the low-FODMAP diet is recommended to preserve gut microbiota and nutritional status.
  • Consideration of gluten-free diets or specific FODMAP subgroups may be part of dietary strategies.