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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

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Rapid, Affordable, and Uncomplicated Production of Bacterial Cell-free Lysate
Published on: October 29, 2021
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Cell-free technologies for biopharmaceutical research and production
James F Zawada1, David Burgenson1, Gang Yin1
1Sutro Biopharma, Inc., 111 Oyster Point, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|May 15, 2022
Summary
Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has advanced from lab research to large-scale biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This technology enables novel protein therapies through efficient non-natural amino acid incorporation, driving biotherapy innovation.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology
- Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Protein Engineering
Background:
- Cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) has transitioned from laboratory-scale applications to industrial biopharmaceutical production.
- CFPS is increasingly utilized in biopharmaceutical product discovery and development.
- Several CFPS-based products are currently undergoing human clinical trials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the advancements and expanding applications of CFPS technologies.
- To emphasize the role of CFPS in biopharmaceutical research and development.
- To showcase the potential of CFPS in creating novel biotherapeutics.
Main Methods:
- Leveraging the inherent flexibility and open nature of CFPS systems.
- Utilizing CFPS for the efficient incorporation of non-natural amino acids (nnAAs).
- Scaling CFPS processes for Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) production.
Main Results:
- CFPS is now capable of biopharmaceutical production at the GMP manufacturing scale.
- CFPS facilitates the incorporation of nnAAs, expanding the repertoire of possible protein products.
- CFPS-based products are progressing through multiple human clinical trials.
Conclusions:
- CFPS technologies are a mature and scalable platform for biopharmaceutical production.
- The ability to incorporate nnAAs using CFPS significantly broadens the scope of potential biotherapeutics.
- CFPS is poised to drive significant advancements in the field of biotherapies.

