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Photoluminescence: Applications

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Photoluminescence offers a wide range of applications due to its inherent sensitivity and selectivity. This technique allows for both direct and indirect analyses of the analyte. Direct quantitative analysis is possible when the analyte exhibits a favorable quantum yield for fluorescence or phosphorescence. However, an indirect analysis may be feasible if the analyte is not fluorescent or phosphorescent, or if the quantum yield is unfavorable. Indirect methods include reacting the analyte with...

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A Step Beyond BRET: Fluorescence by Unbound Excitation from Luminescence FUEL

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Recyclable flexible upconversion-luminescence sensing platform for quantifying sulfite based on inner filter effect.

Jizhong Wu¹, Waqas Ahmad¹, Wenya Wei¹

¹School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.

Analytica Chimica Acta

|May 15, 2022

Summary

A new flexible sensor using upconversion nanoparticles and pararosaniline dye can detect sulfite in environmental and food samples. This recyclable sensor offers a sensitive and efficient method for sulfite determination.

Keywords:

Foodstuff Inner filter effect Polydimethylsiloxane Solid-phase sensor Sulfur dioxide Upconversion nanoparticles

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Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science
Environmental Science

Background:

Sulfur dioxide derivatives pose environmental and food safety risks.
Accurate determination of sulfite is crucial for safety monitoring.
Existing methods may lack sensitivity, reusability, or applicability to real samples.

Purpose of the Study:

Develop a recyclable, flexible upconversion-luminescence sensor for sulfite determination.
Enable sensitive and selective detection of sulfite in environmental and food samples.
Provide a robust method for real-world sample analysis.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a flexible substrate using upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
Modification of the substrate with pararosaniline (PRA) dye via carbodiimide coupling.
Utilizing the inner filter effect (IFE) mechanism for sulfite detection based on PRA bleaching and UCNP fluorescence restoration.

Main Results:

Achieved a linear response for sulfite concentration from 10-100 nM.
Determined a limit of detection of 2.24 nM for sulfite.
Demonstrated sensor regeneration and recyclability over six cycles with high recovery rates (94.85%-99.39%) in real rainwater samples.

Conclusions:

The developed flexible upconversion-luminescence sensor is effective for sensitive sulfite determination.
The sensor exhibits excellent recyclability and applicability to real environmental and food samples.
This technology holds significant potential for efficient and reliable sulfite monitoring.