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Related Concept Videos

Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

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At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Single Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: From Sample to Structure
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Accounting Conformational Dynamics into Structural Modeling Reflected by Cryo-EM with Deep Learning.

Qiushi Ye1, Yizhen Zhao1, Xuhua Li1

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening
|May 16, 2022
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Summary

Deep learning accelerates cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) for analyzing dynamic biomacromolecular structures. This review highlights AI tools and strategies to improve 3D reconstruction resolution and efficiency.

Keywords:
Cryo-EMDynamic structures of biomacromoleculesdata preprocessingdeep learningparticle selectiontopazdenoise

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Accurate 3D structures of biological macromolecules are crucial for understanding their function.
  • Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) enables high-resolution analysis of biomacromolecular structures.
  • Obtaining high-resolution dynamic structures with cryo-EM is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize deep learning software and algorithms for cryo-EM data processing.
  • To identify strategies for enhancing the resolution and efficiency of 3D reconstruction.
  • To provide insights into modeling dynamic biomacromolecular structures using artificial intelligence.

Main Methods:

  • Generalization and summarization of existing deep learning software packages for cryo-EM.
  • Discussion of algorithms applied in tools like Warp, TranSPHIRE, PARSED, Topaz, and crYOLO.
  • Exploration of self-supervised learning workflows for cryo-EM data.

Main Results:

  • Deep learning significantly speeds up and simplifies the processing of high-throughput cryo-EM data.
  • Various AI-powered tools demonstrate remarkable effects on cryo-EM data processing.
  • Strategies for improving resolution and efficiency in 3D reconstruction are identified.

Conclusions:

  • Deep learning offers powerful solutions for overcoming the limitations of traditional cryo-EM data processing.
  • The reviewed AI tools and strategies can advance the field of dynamic biomacromolecular structure modeling.
  • Further integration of AI is expected to accelerate discoveries in structural biology.