A Short Review on Glucogallin and its Pharmacological Activities

Plant derived natural products have multifaceted beneficial roles in human pathophysiology. Plant secondary metabolites have been used as an adjunct medicine for a long time and β- Glucogallin is one such pharmaceutically important plant derived natural product. Β-glucogallin (1-O-galloyl-β-d-glucopyranose), a plant-derived polyphenolic ester, is regarded as the primary metabolite in the biosynthesis of hydrolyzable tannins. It is majorly found in amla, pomegranate, strawberry etc. Owing to its free radical scavenging properties, β-glucogallin (BG) is believed to protect against several diseases like diabetes and related complications like retinopathy, glaucoma, inflammation, hepatic damage, skin damage from UV, etc. Several semisynthetic derivatives of β-Glucogallin are being developed, which have better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters than β-glucogallin. Studies have shown the prophylactic role of β-Glucogallin in developing defence mechanisms against the advent and progression of certain diseases. β- glucogallin formulations have shown a positive effect as a neutraceutical. In this manuscript, we have discussed β-glucogallin, its natural sources, biosynthetic pathways, its semi-synthetic derivatives, and the plethora of its pharmacological activities like antioxidant-antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, cataract-preventing, anti glaucoma, and UV protectant. We have also highlighted various biological pathways, which are modulated by β-glucogallin. The manuscript will convey the importance of β-glucogallin as a compound of natural origin, having multifaceted health benefits.