Multiple myeloma with presentation in the oral cavity

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Plasma cell neoplasms encompass a spectrum from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma (MM) and extramedullary plasmacytoma.
• Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferation of atypical plasma cells, marked by multifocal bone disease and monoclonal immunoglobulin production.
• Subtle initial clinical presentations of MM necessitate awareness among primary healthcare providers for timely diagnosis and management.

Observation:

• A patient presented with a swelling in the buccal vestibule.
• Clinical and pathological investigations were conducted to determine the nature of the swelling.

Findings:

• The buccal swelling was diagnosed as multiple myeloma (MM).
• This represents an extramedullary manifestation of a plasma cell neoplasm.

Implications:

• Highlights the importance of considering systemic diseases like multiple myeloma in seemingly localized oral presentations.
• Underscores the role of thorough clinical and pathological evaluation for diagnosing rare manifestations of hematologic malignancies.
• Emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration in managing complex cases of plasma cell neoplasms.