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Autoimmune Retinopathy, Testing, and Its Controversies
Luiz Roisman1,2, Julia Dutra Rossetto1,3, Raquel Goldhardt4
1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo-UNIFESP/EPM.
Current Ophthalmology Reports
|May 16, 2022
Summary
Autoimmune retinopathies (AIRs) cause progressive vision loss and retinal dysfunction due to inflammation and anti-retinal antibodies. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment are crucial, especially due to potential links with malignancy.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Immunology
- Retinal Diseases
Background:
- Autoimmune retinopathies (AIRs) are inflammatory conditions impacting the retina.
- They present with progressive visual loss, visual field abnormalities, and photoreceptor dysfunction.
- Circulating anti-retinal antibodies are a key characteristic of AIRs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the critical clinical features of autoimmune retinopathies.
- To provide an overview of current understanding regarding AIRs.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing clinical data and research findings on autoimmune retinopathies.
- Focus is placed on clinical presentation, diagnostic markers, and therapeutic approaches.
Main Results:
- AIRs involve unexplained visual loss, visual field contraction, and electroretinographic dysfunction.
- Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation and detection of serum anti-retinal antibodies.
- The pathogenesis remains incompletely understood, with various antibodies implicated.
Conclusions:
- Prompt diagnosis and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for managing AIRs.
- Effective treatment protocols are still under development, lacking consensus.
- Association with malignancies necessitates vigilance and timely intervention.
