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Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness

Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Electroencephalographic Assessment in Disorders of Consciousness

Published on: July 11, 2025

Auricular vagus nerve stimulator for closed-loop biofeedback-based operation.

Babak Dabiri¹, Klaus Zeiner¹, Arnaud Nativel¹

¹Institute of Electrodynamics, Microwave and Circuit Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing

|May 16, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a closed-loop auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) system that personalizes therapy by monitoring cardiorespiratory signals. This novel hardware enables precise, real-time adjustments to aVNS, improving treatment outcomes for chronic disorders.

Keywords:

Auricular vagus nerve Closed-loop control Hardware Optimization Vagus nerve stimulation

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuromodulation
Biomedical Engineering
Physiological Monitoring

Background:

Current auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) lacks personalization, leading to suboptimal therapeutic results.
A closed-loop system is needed to tailor aVNS by monitoring patient physiology and avoiding over/under-stimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop novel hardware for closed-loop auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS).
To enable real-time, personalized aVNS therapy by integrating cardiorespiratory sensing.

Main Methods:

Developed a novel aVNS hardware with embedded/external sensors for cardiorespiratory sensing.
Implemented real-time data processing to govern aVNS settings based on physiological parameters.
Validated synchronization of aVNS with respiratory and cardiac phases.

Main Results:

The system achieved >90% accuracy in identifying respiratory and cardiac cycles.
aVNS stimulation was precisely synchronized with physiological phases (±100 ms).
The system successfully mimicked baroreceptor-related afferent input.

Conclusions:

The developed closed-loop aVNS system provides a foundation for personalized neuromodulatory therapy.
This technology facilitates improved therapeutic outcomes by adapting stimulation to individual patient states.
Future clinical research can leverage this system for advanced, individualized aVNS treatments.