Immunotherapy-Induced Eosinophilic Tracheitis.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Melanoma is a significant cancer diagnosis.
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like nivolumab are standard treatments for metastatic melanoma.
• Chronic cough can be a challenging symptom in cancer patients.

Observation:

• A 27-year-old male with metastatic melanoma presented with a persistent, unexplained chronic cough.
• Standard cough suppressants were ineffective.
• Bronchoscopy revealed eosinophilic tracheitis.

Findings:

• The patient was diagnosed with eosinophilic tracheitis, a rare side effect attributed to nivolumab.
• Treatment with corticosteroids and discontinuation of nivolumab led to symptom resolution.

Implications:

• Physicians must consider rare toxicities of ICIs, including respiratory complications.
• Early recognition and management of immune-related adverse events are crucial for patient safety.
• This case underscores the importance of vigilant monitoring for adverse effects during ICI therapy.