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Related Concept Videos

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals01:02

Radical Reactivity: Electrophilic Radicals

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Radicals adjacent to electron‐withdrawing groups are called electrophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with nucleophilic alkenes. For example, the malonate radical, in which the radical center is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing groups, reacts readily with butyl vinyl ether, which consists of an electron‐donating oxygen substituent. The reaction between electrophilic malonate radical and nucleophilic vinyl ether is favored because the radical has a...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:10

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Chain-growth or addition polymerization is successive addition reactions of monomers with a polymer chain. In radical chain-growth polymerization, the reaction proceeds via a free-radical intermediate. The free radical is formed from radical initiators, which spontaneously generate free radicals by homolytic fission. Organic peroxides (such as dibenzoyl peroxide, as shown in Figure 1) or azo compounds are popular radical initiators. A low concentration ratio of radical initiator to monomer is...
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Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

4.3K
This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
4.3K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

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The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
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Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals01:16

Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals

2.2K
Radicals adjacent to electron-donating groups are called nucleophilic radicals. These radicals readily react with electrophilic alkenes. The SOMO–LUMO interactions are the driving force for the reaction, where the high-energy SOMO of the electron-rich, nucleophilic radicals interacts with the low-energy LUMO of the electron-deficient, electrophilic alkenes. Such SOMO–LUMO interactions are the basis of reactive radical traps, affecting the selectivity in radical reactions. For...
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Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.8K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this...
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Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
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Radical Polymer-Based Organic Electrochemical Transistors.

Ho Joong Kim1, Kuluni Perera2, Zihao Liang1

  • 1Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.

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|May 16, 2022
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Summary

Researchers developed a new polymer blend for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). This novel material enhances ion and charge transport, leading to significantly improved OECT performance for bioelectronic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Bioelectronics

Background:

  • Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are crucial for bioelectronic applications.
  • Developing advanced polymers that conduct both charge and ions (mixed conductors) is essential but challenging.
  • Existing design principles for solid-state electronics do not always apply to mixed organic conductors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel materials system for OECTs by blending a radical polymer with a conjugated polymer.
  • To investigate the impact of this blend on ionic and electronic transport properties.
  • To achieve enhanced OECT performance through strategic macromolecular design.

Main Methods:

  • Blending poly(4-glycidyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) (PTEO), a radical polymer, with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a conjugated polymer.
  • Creating thin films with distinct closed-shell and open-shell domains.
  • Analyzing the oxidation-reduction (redox) potential of PTEO and its effect on ionic transport and P3HT doping.

Main Results:

  • The blended films exhibited unique redox activity from PTEO, modulating ionic transport and doping of P3HT.
  • Decoupling ionic and electronic transport into distinct phases improved OECT performance.
  • At 5% PTEO loading, OECTs achieved a figure-of-merit (μC*) >150 F V⁻¹ cm⁻¹ s⁻¹, comparable to state-of-the-art conjugated polymers.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents a new design platform for OECTs using polymer blends.
  • Strategic selection of macromolecules and processing enables tailored OECT responses.
  • The approach significantly enhances the performance of P3HT-based OECTs.