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Recording and Analysis of Circadian Rhythms in Running-wheel Activity in Rodents
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Multiscale Time-resolved Analysis Reveals Remaining Behavioral Rhythms in Mice Without Canonical Circadian Clocks.

Megan Morris1,2, Shin Yamazaki3, Aneta Stefanovska1

  • 1Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.

Journal of Biological Rhythms
|May 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Researchers disabled the main circadian clock in mice to uncover hidden ultradian rhythms. They identified multiple ultradian rhythms and their complex interactions, offering new insights into biological timing mechanisms.

Keywords:
biological oscillatorscircadian rhythmsinfradian rhythmsmultiscale oscillationsnonlinear dynamicsphase dynamicstime-resolved analysistime-varying oscillationsultradian rhythms

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Circadian rhythms govern 24-hour biological cycles, synchronized by light.
  • Ultradian rhythms, shorter than 24 hours, are less understood and often masked by circadian rhythms.
  • The functional significance and mechanisms of ultradian rhythms remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate ultradian rhythms by disabling the primary circadian clock in mice.
  • To characterize the dynamics and interrelationships of multiple ultradian oscillators.
  • To explore the biological basis of non-canonical timing mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Mice lacking Period genes (Per1/2/3) were used to abolish the canonical circadian clock.
  • Wheel-running activity was recorded continuously for 272 days under constant darkness.
  • Multiscale time-resolved methods were applied to analyze time-varying oscillatory dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Four distinct rhythmic components with periods of ~17h, ~8h, ~4h, and ~20min were identified.
  • A reciprocal amplitude relationship was observed between the ~17h and ~8h rhythms, occurring bi-weekly.
  • The ~4h and ~20min rhythms were identified as harmonics of the ~8h rhythm, with strong phase coupling from slower to faster oscillations.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a complex network of interacting ultradian oscillators independent of the main circadian clock.
  • Phase coupling analysis demonstrates hierarchical organization among these ultradian rhythms.
  • Understanding these ultradian rhythms is crucial, as their disruption may link to various diseases.