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Related Concept Videos

Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

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Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
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Fetal Circulation01:14

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Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
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Parentral Nutrition: Centeral and Peripheral Parental Nutrition01:27

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Parenteral Nutrition (PN) delivers essential nutrients directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system. It is commonly used for individuals with severe digestive disorders or conditions that prevent normal nutrient absorption.
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1. Central Parenteral Nutrition (CPN):
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Standard Precaution01:26

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Perinatal care for the extremely preterm infant.

Haruo Usuda1, Sean Carter2, Tsukasa Takahashi1

  • 1Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|May 16, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Periviable preterm birth, before 28 weeks gestation, is a major cause of infant mortality. This paper reviews the causes, impacts, and advanced management strategies for these extremely premature infants and their families.

Keywords:
Extremely pretermNeonatologyObstetricsPeriviablePreterm birthVery low birth weight

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Preterm birth (prior to 37 weeks gestation) causes approximately one million childhood deaths annually.
  • Increasing rates of prematurity worldwide pose significant public health challenges.
  • Infants born extremely preterm (less than 28 weeks gestation), especially in the periviable period (20-25 weeks), face the highest mortality and disability risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an update on the etiology and impacts of periviable preterm birth.
  • To review advances in antenatal, intrapartum, and acute postnatal management of micropremmies.
  • To discuss counseling and support strategies for families of infants born extremely preterm.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on periviable preterm birth.
  • Analysis of current clinical, technical, and ethical challenges in perinatal care.
  • Exploration of emerging technologies for improving outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Periviable preterm birth presents complex clinical and ethical challenges.
  • Significant advancements have been made in the management of extremely preterm infants.
  • Family-centered care and emerging technologies show promise for improving outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of periviable preterm birth requires a multidisciplinary approach.
  • Continued research and technological innovation are crucial for reducing mortality and long-term disabilities.
  • Enhanced support for families is essential throughout the perinatal care journey.