Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

300
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
300
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

532
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
532
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

468
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
468
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

698
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
698
Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

212
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
212
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

296
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
296

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Motor mapping to enable resections of peri-rolandic diffuse gliomas.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026
Same author

Safety and feasibility of paired vagus nerve stimulation with rehabilitation for improving upper extremity function in people with cervical spinal cord injury: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences·2026
Same author

Microelectrode arrays enable directional stereo-EEG during kainate-mediated seizures.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Stereotactic Radiosurgery Versus Reoperation in Small Surgically Accessible Recurrent Glioblastoma.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Prognostic Validation of the RANO-Resect Classification and Non-Contrast-Enhancing Tumor Resection: A Meta-Science Study in Glioblastoma Surgery.

Neurosurgery·2026
Same author

Laser interstitial thermal therapy versus stereotactic radiosurgery for first-time treatment of recurrent glioblastoma: a retrospective single-center study.

Journal of neuro-oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

2.7K

Thalamic neuromodulation for epilepsy: A clinical perspective.

Adeel Ilyas1, Nitin Tandon2, Samden D Lhatoo3

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Epilepsy Research
|May 17, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Thalamic neuromodulation offers therapeutic potential for epilepsy, with anterior and centromedian nuclei showing promise. Optimal patient and target selection are crucial for effective seizure control.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationEpilepsyOutcomeReviewThalamus

More Related Videos

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus
09:46

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

Published on: March 8, 2015

11.1K
Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease
06:55

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease

Published on: November 21, 2024

900

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 23, 2025

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala
09:49

Using a Bipolar Electrode to Create a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Mouse Model by Electrical Kindling of the Amygdala

Published on: June 29, 2022

2.7K
Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus
09:46

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in the Rat Hippocampus After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus

Published on: March 8, 2015

11.1K
Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease
06:55

Author Spotlight: Unraveling Neural Communication and Circuit Interactions in Health and Disease

Published on: November 21, 2024

900

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Epileptology

Background:

  • Thalamic neuromodulation is an emerging therapy for medically refractory epilepsy.
  • Patient and thalamic target selection are critical for successful outcomes.
  • Anterior (ANT) and centromedian (CeM) nuclei are key thalamic targets with clinical evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of thalamic neuromodulation for intractable seizures.
  • To compare thalamic neuromodulation with other treatment modalities.
  • To identify factors influencing successful thalamic neuromodulation outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical evidence for ANT and CeM nuclei deep brain stimulation (DBS).
  • Analysis of patient cohorts and epilepsy syndromes for targeted therapies.
  • Inference of relative efficacy compared to other neuromodulatory treatments (e.g., RNS, VNS).

Main Results:

  • ANT DBS shows efficacy for limbic epilepsies; CM DBS is effective for generalized, multifocal epilepsies.
  • Thalamic DBS efficacy is comparable to other neuromodulatory therapies in indicated patient groups.
  • Optimal targeting strategies, including direct targeting, can improve outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Thalamic neuromodulation is a developing therapy for epilepsy with demonstrated efficacy in select cases.
  • Further research is needed to refine targeting and understand its place among treatment options.
  • Advances in thalamic neuromodulation are ongoing, offering hope for patients with intractable seizures.