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Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms
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Opportunities and challenges of implementing Pharmacogenomics in cancer drug development

Paolo Tarantino1,2, Dario Trapani1,2, Stefania Morganti1,2

  • 1Division of Early Drug Development for Innovative Therapies, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan 20141, Italy.

Cancer Drug Resistance (Alhambra, Calif.)
|May 18, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pharmacogenomic biomarkers can improve cancer drug development by identifying patient subgroups, predicting treatment efficacy, and preventing toxicity. This approach personalizes cancer care, optimizing drug discovery and patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Cancer drug development is lengthy and costly, with a high failure rate (around 90%) often due to efficacy or safety issues.
  • Many failed drugs could be effective in specific patient subgroups, and toxicities might be mitigated by identifying vulnerable individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of pharmacogenomics in optimizing cancer drug development.
  • To highlight the advantages and challenges of implementing pharmacogenomic biomarkers in oncology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on pharmacogenomics in cancer drug development.
  • Analysis of FDA-approved drugs with genetic biomarkers.
  • Discussion of Precision Medicine principles in tailoring cancer therapies.

Main Results:

  • Pharmacogenomic biomarkers enable patient stratification to predict drug efficacy and toxicity.
  • Approximately seventy FDA-approved drugs incorporate genetic biomarkers.
  • Precision Medicine, guided by genomic data, is emerging as a standard in cancer care.

Conclusions:

  • Pharmacogenomics offers a powerful strategy to enhance the efficiency and success rate of cancer drug development.
  • Implementing pharmacogenomic biomarkers presents both opportunities and challenges that need to be addressed for wider adoption.
Keywords:
Pharmacogenomicscancer drug developmentclinical trialsprecision medicine

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