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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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RNA Structure01:23

RNA Structure

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
Different Types of RNA Have the Same Basic Structure
There are three main types of ribonucleic acid (RNA): messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). All three RNA types consist of a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions

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Circular RNAs: Characterization, cellular roles, and applications.

Chu-Xiao Liu1, Ling-Ling Chen2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Cell
|May 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are versatile molecules regulating gene expression. Advances enable studying circRNA roles in cellular processes and potential biomedical applications.

Keywords:
RBPRNA circleRNA-binding proteinaptamerback-splicingcircRNAcircular RNA applicationcircular RNA modalitycircular RNA therapeuticscircular RNA translationimmunogenicity

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Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

In Silico Identification and Characterization of circRNAs During Host-Pathogen Interactions
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Identification of Circular RNAs using RNA Sequencing
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) originate from precursor mRNA back-splicing.
  • Technological progress aids in studying circRNA conformation and function.
  • circRNAs play diverse roles in cellular regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for studying circRNAs.
  • To summarize current knowledge on circRNA regulatory functions.
  • To explore emerging applications of circRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature and technological advancements in circRNA research.
  • Analysis of circRNA interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins.
  • Examination of circRNA roles in transcription, splicing, and translation.

Main Results:

  • circRNAs modulate gene expression through various mechanisms.
  • Localization and interactions dictate circRNA functions.
  • circRNAs have potential in therapeutic and research applications.

Conclusions:

  • circRNAs are key regulators with significant biological impact.
  • Further research into circRNA mechanisms and applications is warranted.
  • circRNAs offer novel avenues for biomedical interventions.