Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directional Terms01:14

Directional Terms

13.0K
Directional terms are essential for describing the relative locations of different body structures. For instance, an anatomist might describe one band of tissue as "inferior to" another, or a physician might describe a tumor as "superficial to" a deeper body structure. These terms often use comparative terms in pairs to trace out the relative locations of one body part to another or descriptions of body tissues like the deeper ones from superficially present with reference to...
13.0K
Magical Thinking01:29

Magical Thinking

2
Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
2
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.5K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.5K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

469
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
469
Counterfactual Thinking01:19

Counterfactual Thinking

15
Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
15
Schemas01:42

Schemas

12.0K
A schema is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts (Bartlett, 1932). There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed.
12.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The Middle Ground: Midline Catheter use and Trainee Involvement in US Critical Care Fellowships.

Journal of intensive care medicine·2026
Same author

Carboplatin May Be an Effective and Tolerable Treatment Option for Platinum-Sensitive Pancreatic Cancer Patients With Pre-existing Neuropathy.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Cohort profile: Creation of an e-cohort to Address the Evaluation of Population Secondary Prevention Quality and Outcomes Post-Stroke (ESP-QOPS) in Wales.

International journal of population data science·2026
Same author

Comparison helps children form broad explanations.

Child development·2026
Same author

Global review of assessments of online video gaming policies affecting young people: Loot boxes, age ratings, gameplay time restrictions, and beyond.

Comprehensive psychiatry·2026
Same author

The role of language in forming the concepts same and different.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Pronoun Resolution in Turkish: The Interplay of Referential Form, Word Order, and Implicit Causality.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

What's in a Color?: Language, Synesthesia, and Categorical Perception.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Reasoning Beyond Explicit Rules: Adults' and Children's Use of Closure Principles in Novel Cases.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Intermediary Object States Are Activated by Sentences Describing Completed Events.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Large Language Models Estimate Fine-Grained Human Color-Concept Associations.

Cognitive science·2026
Same journal

Computational Models of Causal Reasoning: Bayesian Accounts of Normative Violations.

Cognitive science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.2K

Verb Metaphoric Extension Under Semantic Strain.

Daniel King1, Dedre Gentner1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University.

Cognitive Science
|May 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Verb metaphors are more common and change meaning more readily than noun metaphors. This study reveals how verb meanings adjust during semantic strain, linking online processing to language evolution.

Keywords:
MetaphorMetaphor processingSemantic changeVector space modelsVerb metaphorVerb mutabilityword2vec

More Related Videos

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
06:49

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

27.4K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 22, 2025

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
09:27

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language

Published on: October 13, 2018

10.2K
Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension
06:49

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

27.4K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.5K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Linguistics
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Metaphor processing research has predominantly focused on noun metaphors.
  • Verb metaphors are more prevalent in language than previously emphasized.
  • Understanding verb metaphor extension is crucial for a complete theory of metaphor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive processes behind verb metaphoric extension.
  • To compare the meaning adjustment of verbs versus nouns under semantic strain.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms driving verb meaning change in sentences.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted using paraphrases of intransitive sentences with varying semantic strain.
  • A novel methodology employing word2vec was developed to assess meaning change.
  • Human subject assessments were used to validate computational findings.

Main Results:

  • Verb meanings were more frequently adjusted than noun meanings under semantic strain.
  • The degree of verb meaning adjustment increased with semantic strain, unlike noun meaning adjustment.
  • Verb meaning extension is primarily driven by online adjustment, with sense selection playing a secondary role.
  • Nouns and verbs exhibit qualitatively different meaning change patterns: verbs metaphorically, nouns taxonomically or metonymically.

Conclusions:

  • Verb metaphor extension is a dynamic process involving online meaning adjustment.
  • Findings link immediate sentence processing mechanisms to long-term language evolution.
  • This research provides a more comprehensive understanding of metaphor processing in language.