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The Pathogenesis of Central and Complex Sleep Apnea
Erin Grattan Roberts1, Janna R Raphelson2, Jeremy E Orr3
1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA. eroberts@health.ucsd.edu.
This review covers central sleep apnea (CSA), a condition where breathing effort diminishes during sleep. Understanding CSA is crucial due to its overlap with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and prevalence in specific patient groups.
Area of Science:
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Physiology
Background:
- Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses apneas and hypopneas during sleep.
- Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by reduced respiratory effort, unlike obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with absent airflow despite effort.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature on central sleep apnea (CSA).
- To highlight the importance of understanding SDB for clinicians.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on central sleep apnea.
Main Results:
- CSA is a heterogeneous condition with varied clinical presentations.
- CSA is highly prevalent in specific patient populations.
- Complex sleep apnea (CompSA) emerges when CSA occurs during OSA treatment.
Conclusions:
- There is significant overlap in the pathogenesis and impact of CSA and OSA.
- Understanding SDB is essential for clinical practice.
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