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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleoid01:24

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The nucleoid represents a structurally and functionally distinct region within prokaryotic cells, where the cell's DNA and associated proteins are housed. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, and the nucleoid facilitates the organization and accessibility of the genetic material within this constraint. The DNA in most bacteria and archaea exists as a single, circular, double-stranded molecule that is highly compacted through supercoiling and interactions with...
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Oligospermines and Nucleic Acid Interaction: A Structure Property Relationship Study.

Asawari R Lote1, Vidula R Kolhatkar1, Thomas Insley

  • 1Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Rockford, Illinois 61111, United States.

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We explored how spermine

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Spermine is a key polycationic component in nucleic acid delivery vehicles.
  • Understanding spermine's molecular architecture is crucial for optimizing nucleic acid complexation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of molecular architecture, amine density, and molecular weight of oligospermines on nucleic acid binding.
  • Synthesize and characterize various oligospermine architectures.
  • Evaluate the binding affinity and toxicity of different oligospermines for potential nucleic acid delivery applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of mono-, bis-, and tetraspermines with linear, cyclic, dendritic, and quatrefoil architectures.
  • Assessment of oligospermine binding to nucleic acids.
  • Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to analyze binding interactions.
  • In vitro toxicity assessments.

Main Results:

  • Molecular weight significantly affected linear oligospermine binding more than cyclic ones.
  • Different molecular architectures showed distinct binding profiles, even with similar amine density.
  • Dendritic tetraspermine demonstrated the highest binding affinity to nucleic acids, including siRNA.
  • Dendritic tetraspermine exhibited lower toxicity compared to linear tetraspermine.

Conclusions:

  • Spermine geometry plays a critical role in its binding to nucleic acids.
  • Dendritic tetraspermine shows significant potential as a less toxic and highly effective agent for nucleic acid delivery.