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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
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Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview01:13

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Overview

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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
Ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst for olefin metathesis polymerization. Grubbs catalyst consists...
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A Simple and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Insertion Polymerization of Functional Norbornenes
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Multiblock Copolymers by Thiol Addition Across Norbornene.

Catherine N Walker1, Joel M Sarapas1, Vanessa Kung1

  • 1Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States.

ACS Macro Letters
|May 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A new, simple synthetic method using thiol-norbornene chemistry enables efficient creation of multiblock copolymers with diverse architectures. This approach overcomes limitations of traditional methods, facilitating advanced material exploration.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Multiblock copolymers offer significant potential for advanced materials due to their tunable architectures.
  • Traditional synthesis methods for block copolymers are often time-consuming and require strict reaction conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and efficient synthetic route for multiblock copolymers.
  • To explore the versatility of thiol-norbornene chemistry for creating diverse block copolymer architectures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized thiol addition across norbornene chemistry for polymer synthesis.
  • Investigated reactant choices to control random versus alternating copolymer architectures.
  • Characterized resulting multiblock copolymers using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized multiblock copolymers with at least four or five blocks.
  • Demonstrated the ability to produce both random and alternating copolymer architectures.
  • Confirmed thermal stability and microphase separation in the synthesized materials.
  • Prepared novel multiblock copolymers incorporating two or three distinct block chemistries.

Conclusions:

  • The thiol-norbornene chemistry provides a versatile and efficient platform for synthesizing complex multiblock copolymers.
  • This method simplifies the exploration of the vast parameter space of multiblock copolymers.
  • The synthesized materials exhibit desirable properties like thermal stability and microphase separation, suitable for advanced applications.