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External Human-Machine Interfaces for Autonomous Vehicles from Pedestrians' Perspective: A Survey Study.

Jiawen Guo1, Quan Yuan1, Jingrui Yu1

  • 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100811, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

External Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) improve pedestrian safety and crossing decisions with automated vehicles (AVs). Text and symbol-based eHMIs are most effective for clear communication and enhanced safety.

Keywords:
autonomous vehicle–pedestrian interactionexternal human–machine interfacesinterface designpedestrians’ safety

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Transportation Engineering
  • Road Safety

Background:

  • Automated vehicles (AVs) require external Human-Machine Interfaces (eHMIs) for effective communication with road users.
  • Protecting vulnerable road users is a critical consideration in AV deployment.
  • Research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of different eHMI designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide research evidence on various eHMI designs for AVs.
  • To assess the impact of eHMIs on pedestrian crossing decisions and safety perceptions.
  • To identify optimal eHMI features for future AV systems.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety participants evaluated six sets of eHMI prototypes (Text, Arrowed, Text and Symbol, Symbol only, Tick and Cross, Traffic Lights).
  • Participants' perceptions of communication effectiveness and safety were recorded.
  • Comprehension speed for different user groups was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • 65.1% of participants believed external communication positively impacts pedestrian crossing decisions.
  • Text and Text and Symbol eHMIs were the most accepted prototypes.
  • Text and Text and Symbol eHMIs facilitated faster comprehension, especially for elderly individuals and those unfamiliar with traffic rules.

Conclusions:

  • eHMIs have a positive effect on vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication.
  • Textual eHMIs provide clear communication for pedestrians.
  • Features like 'Green', 'Text', 'Symbol', or 'Dynamic' enhance pedestrian safety perception when crossing.