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Developing Problem-Solving Expertise for Word Problems.

Bing Hiong Ngu1, Huy P Phan1

  • 1School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Worked examples help develop problem-solving expertise by directing attention to conceptual and procedural knowledge schemas. Combining diagrams with worked examples or example-problem pairs aids efficient equation formation for word problems.

Keywords:
cognitive loadexpertiseproblem-solvingword problemsworked examples

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Educational Psychology
  • Learning Sciences

Background:

  • Worked examples reduce cognitive load by embedding schemas (conceptual and procedural knowledge).
  • They are effective for acquiring basic problem-solving skills.
  • Their role in developing advanced problem-solving expertise is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing studies on the effectiveness of worked examples in developing problem-solving expertise for word problems.
  • To investigate how worked examples contribute to expert-level problem-solving efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • A review of five empirical studies was conducted.
  • Studies focused on the impact of worked examples on word problem-solving.
  • Analysis considered the role of diagrams and example-problem pairings.

Main Results:

  • Diagrams illustrating problem structure, combined with worked examples or example-problem pairs, enhance equation formation for word problems.
  • This approach facilitates efficient solutions.
  • In-depth understanding of conceptual knowledge (problem structure) correlates with improved procedural knowledge (fewer solution steps).

Conclusions:

  • Worked examples, particularly when paired with visual aids like diagrams, can foster problem-solving expertise.
  • Developing a deep conceptual understanding of problem structure is key to achieving expert-level procedural efficiency.
  • This suggests a pathway for designing instructional materials to cultivate expertise beyond basic skill acquisition.