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Untargeted Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Analysis of Wheat Grain
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Metabolome dynamics during wheat domestication.

Yuval Ben-Abu1,2, Mark Itsko3

  • 1Department of Physics and Project Unit, Sapir Academic College, 79165, Sderot, Hof Ashkelon, Israel. yuvalb@sapir.ac.il.

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Wheat domestication involved significant changes in plant metabolites like defense compounds and antioxidants. These metabolic shifts likely improved wheat

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Metabolomics

Background:

  • Wheat is a globally vital crop, domesticated approximately 10,000 years ago.
  • Comparative genomics has identified genes related to wheat improvement, but metabolite analysis is lacking.
  • Advancements in mass spectrometry enable large-scale metabolomic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate metabolic changes associated with wheat domestication.
  • To identify classes of metabolites that evolved during wheat's agricultural development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of wheat kernel metabolomes from diverse lines representing primary and secondary domestication.
  • Inclusion of wild emmer, domesticated emmer, landrace durum, and modern durum subspecies.
  • Utilized mass spectrometry for large-scale metabolomic profiling.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations were observed in plant-defense metabolites, antioxidants, and plant hormones during domestication.
  • These metabolite groups showed distinct patterns across wild, domesticated, and modern wheat varieties.
  • The identified metabolic changes correlate with improvements in agricultural fitness.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolite profiles evolved significantly during wheat domestication.
  • Plant-defense compounds, antioxidants, and hormones played a role in enhancing wheat's agricultural suitability.
  • Further research into these metabolic pathways could lead to genetically engineered high-yield crops.