Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 22, 2025
Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
Published on: October 6, 2023
Thyroid Dysfunction and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nipith Charoenngam1,2, Thanitsara Rittiphairoj3, Ben Ponvilawan4
1Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States.
Objective:
Studies have suggested that patients with thyroid dysfunction may have an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the results from existing studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism with risk of PD using the method of systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methods:
Potentially eligible studies were identified from Medline and EMBASE databases from inception to December 2021 using search strategy that comprised of terms for "Thyroid" and "Parkinson's Disease". Eligible cohort study must consist of one cohort of patients with hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism and another cohort of individuals without hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism. Then, the study must report effect estimates with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) comparing incident PD between the groups. Eligible case-control studies must include cases with PD and controls without PD. Then, the study must explore their history of hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism. Odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs of the association between presence of hypothyroidism/hyperthyroidism and PD must be reported. Point estimates with standard errors were retrieved from each study and were combined together using the generic inverse variance method.
Results:
A total of 3,147 articles were identified. After two rounds of independent review by three investigators, 3 cohort studies and 6 case-control studies met the eligibility criteria and were included into the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis showed an increased likelihood of PD in both patients with hypothyroidism (pooled OR 1.56; 95%CI, 1.38 - 1.77; with moderate heterogeneity, I2 66.9%) and patients with hyperthyroidism (pooled OR 1.57; 95%CI, 1.40 - 1.77; with insignificant heterogeneity, I2 0.0%). Funnel plots for both meta-analyses were fairly symmetric, which did not indicate presence of publication bias.
Conclusion:
This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significant association of both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism with an increased risk of PD.
More Related Videos
06:07Author Spotlight: Establishing a New Fluorescence-Based Protocol for In Vivo Mitochondrial Morphology Analysis in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: June 23, 2023
08:09Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: January 7, 2014
Related Concept Videos
01:24Parkinson's Disease: Treatment
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
01:15Parkinson's Disease: Overview
01:20Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
01:37Neural Regulation
01:18Functions of Thyroid Hormones
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
01:29Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis